Puddle Sign

 Puddle sign is an percusso auscultatory test  detecting small amounts of ascites—as small as 120 ml . Patient is examined in knee elbow position . Tap the flank while moving the stethoscope from umbilicus towards frank. Sudden tympanic sound is the edge of ascites.

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis definition

 Emphysema- Abnormal, permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, accompanied by destruction of their walls.

Chronic bronchitis-chronic cough and sputum production for at least 3 months per year for two consecutive years, in the absence of other conditions that can explain these symptoms .

Reference 

Fishman 6 th edition

Gold 2024

Cobbs angle

The Cobb angle is the most widely used measurement to quantify the magnitude of spinal deformities, especially scoliosis, on plain radiographs. 

Scoliosis is a lateral spinal curvature with a Cobb angle of >10° 4. The Cobb angle technique can also assess the degree of kyphosis or lordosis in the sagittal plane

Lines are then drawn along the endplates (or the pedicles if the endplates are not properly visualized ), and the angle between the two lines, where they intersect, is measured.

Reference 

Fritz Hefti. Pediatric Orthopedics in Practice. (2007) ISBN: 9783540699644.